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  38. Leavenworth Daily Times, Sept. 11, 1863.

  39. OR, 22, 1:585.

  40. New York Daily Times, Sept. 16, 1863.

  41. Kansas City Weekly Journal, Sept. 19, 1863.

  42. Lawrence Journal, Oct. 8, 1863.

  43. OR, 22, 2:538; Leavenworth Daily Conservative, Sept. 8, 1863.

  44. OR, 22, 2:518, 524, 566, 568.

  45. Ibid., 611; New York Daily Times, Oct. 3, 1863; Vivian Kirkpatrick McLarty, ed., “The Civil War Letters of Colonel Bazel F. Lazear,” MHR 44, pt. 2 (July 1950): 393.

  46. New York Daily Times, Sept. 6, 24, 1863; Kansas City Weekly Journal, Sept. 26, 1863.

  47. Charleston Daily Mercury, Dec. 5, 1863; Castel, Quantrill, 150–52; OR, 22, 1:690–98, 700–701.

  48. Kansas City Daily Journal, Oct. 8, 1863.

  11. When Paths Join

  1. Lawrence Journal, May 5, 1864.

  2. Castel, Quantrill, 181–82.

  3. OR, 34, 4:417.

  4. Lawrence Daily Kansas Tribune, Mar. 29, Apr. 29, July 14, 1864; Cordley, Lawrence, 251–52, 255; Ridenour, Autobiography, 185–86; Kansas City Daily Journal, Sept. 8, 13, 1864.

  5. Lawrence Daily Kansas Tribune, May 3, 1864.

  6. Lawrence Journal, May 5, June 23, 1864.

  7. Cordley, Lawrence, 255.

  8. Lawrence Journal, Aug. 4, 11, 1864.

  9. Horton, “Two Pioneer Kansas Merchants,” 609–11.

  10. Albert Castel, General Sterling Price and the Civil War in the West (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1968), 204–5; Robert L. Kerby, Kirby Smith’s Confederacy (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1972), 335–36; Richard S. Brownlee, “The Battle of Pilot Knob,” MHR 59, no. 1 (October 1964): 10.

  11. Castel, Price, 209–17; Edwin C. McReynolds, Missouri: A History of the Crossroads State (Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1962), 253.

  12. Nevins, Ordeal of the Union, 8:330–31.

  13. Larkin, Bingham, 245, 260, 294.

  14. Ibid., 242–329.

  15. OR, 41, 3:900.

  16. Thomas Goodman, A Thrilling Record, 2d ed. (1868; reprint, Maryville, Mo.: Rush, 1960), 22–24, 31–33; OR, 41, 3:455.

  17. Brownlee, Gray Ghosts, 201; Garwood, Crossroads, 54, 57.

  18. OR, 41, 4:356, 496.

  19. Cordley, Lawrence, 268; Kansas City Daily Journal, Dec. 22, 1864.

  20. DAB, s.v. “Robinson, Charles.”

  21. Burton J. Williams, “Quantrill’s Raid on Lawrence: A Question of Complicity,” KHQ 34, no. 2 (Summer 1968): 144–45; Castel, Frontier State, 138.

  22. Castel, Frontier State, 232.

  23. Lawrence Daily Kansas Tribune, Apr. 12, 1865; Lawrence Journal, Apr. 13, 1865.

  24. OR, 41, 3:548.

  25. Bidlack, “Ladd’s Description,” 120.

  26. B. James George, Sr., “The Gregg Biography,” LKSHS, 76.

  27. Kansas City Daily Journal, Aug. 28, 1864.

  28. Lawrence Daily Kansas Tribune, May 10, 1864.

  BIBLIOGRAPHY

  Books, pamphlets, and manuscripts

  Andreas, A. T. History of the State of Kansas. 2 vols. Chicago: A. T. Andreas, 1883.

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  Brown, G. W. Reminiscences of Gov. R. J. Walker. Rockford, Ill.: G. W. Brown, 1902.

  Brownlee, Richard S. Gray Ghosts of the Confederacy: Guerrilla Warfare in the West, 1861–1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1958.

  Burke, W. S. Military History of Kansas Regiments During the War for the Suppression of the Great Rebellion. Leavenworth, Kans.: W. S. Burke, 1870.

  Castel, Albert. A Frontier State at War: Kansas, 1861–1865. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 1958.

  ———. General Sterling Price and the Civil War in the West. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1968.

  ———. William Clarke Quantrill: His Life and Times. New York: Frederick Fell, 1962.

  Connelley, William Elsey. History of Kansas, State and People, 5 vols. Chicago: American Historical Society, 1928.

  ———. The Life of Preston B. Plumb, 1837–1891. Chicago: Brown and Howell, 1913.

  ———. Papers. Box 13. LKSHS.

  ———. Quantrill and the Border Wars. 2d ed. 1909. Reprint. New York: Pageant, 1956.

  Cordley, Richard. History of Lawrence, Kansas From the First Settlement to the Close of the Rebellion. Lawrence: E. F. Caldwell, 1895.

  ———. Pioneer Days in Kansas. Boston: Pilgrim, 1903.

  Douglas County Historical Society Files. Kansas Collection, Spencer Library, University of Kansas, Lawrence.

  Douglas County Scrapbook. LKSHS.

  Ewing, Thomas, Jr. Private Papers, 1856–1908. LKSHS.

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  Fisher, H. D. The Gun and the Gospel—early Kansas and Chaplain Fisher. Chicago: Kenwood, 1896.

  Garwood, Darrell. Crossroads of America: The Story of Kansas City. New York: W. W. Norton, 1948.

  George, B. James, Sr. “The Gregg Biography—Captain William Henry Gregg, Confederate and Quantrillian Officer.” LKSHS.

  Goodman, Thomas. A Thrilling Record. 2d ed. 1868. Reprint. Maryville, Mo.: Rush, 1960.

  Gregg, William H. “The Lawrence Massacre.” LKSHS.

  History of Clay and Platte Counties, Missouri. St. Louis: National, 1885.

  Hunt, Elvid. History of Fort Leavenworth, 1827–1927. Fort Leavenworth, Kans.: The General Service Schools Press, 1926.

  Johnson, Allen, and Dumas Malone, eds. Dictionary of American Biography 23 vols. New York: Scribner’s, 1928–31.

  Kansas Scrapbook. LKSHS.

  Kerby, Robert L. Kirby Smith’s Confederacy: The Trans Mississippi South, 1863–1865. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1972.

  Larkin, Lew. Bingham: Fighting Artist, The Story of Missouri’s Immortal Painter, Patriot, Soldier and Statesman. St. Louis: State, 1955.

  Learned Scrapbook. Kansas Collections, Spencer Library, University of Kansas, Lawrence.

  Lowman, H. E. Narrative of the Lawrence Massacre on the morning of the 21st of August, 1863. Lawrence, Kans.: State Journal Steam Press, 1864.

  Lyon County Scrapbook. LKSHS.

  McDonough, James L. Schofield: Union General in the Civil War and Reconstruction. Tallahassee: Florida State Univ. Press, 1972.

  McReynolds, Edwin C. Missouri: A History of the Crossroads State. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1962.

  Miller, George. Missouri’s Memorable Decade, 1860–1870: an Historical Sketch Personal—Political—Religious…. Columbia, Mo: E. W. Stephens, 1898.

  Monaghan, Jay. Civil War on the Western Border, 1854–1861. Boston: Little, Brown, 1955.

  Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union. 8 vols. New York: Scribner’s, 1947–71.

  Nichols, Alice. Bleeding Kansas. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1954.

  Pilla, F. L. Letter to “Dear Brother,” Sept. 21, 1863. Kansas Collections, Spencer Library, University of Kansas, Lawrence.

  Quantrill Scrapbook. LKSHS.

  Rice, Martin. Rural Rhymes, and Talks and Tales of Olden Times. Kansas City, Mo., 1882.

  Ridenour, Peter D. Autobiography of Peter D. Ridenour with the Genealogies of the Ridenour and Beatty Families. Kansas City, Mo.: Hudson, 1908.

  Riggs, Henry Earle. Our Pioneer Ancestors. Ann Arbor, Mich.: N.p., 1942.

  Robinson, Charles, and Sara T. D. Private Papers, 1834–1911. LKSHS.

  Robinson, Sara T. D. Kansas: Its Interior and Exterior Life. Boston: Crosby, Nichols and Co., 1857.

  Schofield, John M. Forty-six Years in the Army. New York: Century, 1897.

  Shea, John C. Reminiscences of Quantrell’s Raid upon the city of Lawrence: Thrilling Narrative of Living Eye Witnesses. Kansas City, Mo.: Isaac P. Moore, 1879.

  Speer, John I. The Life of Gen.
James H. Lane, “The Liberator of Kansas” with Corroborative Incidents of Pioneer History. Garden City, Kans.: John Speer, 1896.

  Starr, Stephen Z. Jennison’s Jayhawkers: A Civil War Cavalry Regiment and its Commander. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1973.

  Walton, George. Sentinel of the Plains: Fort Leavenworth and the American West. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973.

  War of the Rebellion: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 128 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.

  Wilson, Don W. Governor Charles Robinson of Kansas. Lawrence: Univ. Press of Kansas, 1975.

  Younger, Cole. The Story of Cole Younger, by Himself 1903. Reprint. Provo, Utah: Triton, 1988.

  Periodicals

  KHC Kansas Historical Collections, 1887–1933

  KHQ Kansas Historical Quarterly, 1933–78

  MHR Missouri Historical Review

  WHQ Westport (Missouri) Historical Quarterly

  Barnes, Lela, ed. “An Editor Looks at Early-Day Kansas: The Letters of Charles Monroe Chase.” KHQ 26, no.2 (Summer 1960): 113–51.

  Berneking, Carolyn, ed. “A Look at Early Lawrence: Letters from Robert Gaston Elliott.” KHQ 43, no. 3 (Autumn 1977): 282–96.

  Bidlack, Russell E. “Erastus D. Ladd’s Description of the Lawrence Massacre.” KHQ 29, no. 2 (Summer 1963): 113–21.

  Brownlee, Richard S. “The Battle of Pilot Knob, Iron County, Missouri, September 27, 1864. MHR 59, no. 1 (Oct. 1964): 1–30.

  Caldwell, Martha B. “The Eldridge House.” KHQ 9, no. 4 (1940): 347–70.

  Castel, Albert. “Kansas Jayhawking Raids into Western Missouri in 1861.” MHR 54, no. 1 (Oct. 1959): 1–11.

  Connelley, William E., ed. “The Civil War Diary of John Howard Kitts.” KHC 14 (1915–18): 318–32.

  Conway, Alan, ed. “The Sacking of Lawrence.” KHQ 24, no. 2 (Summer 1958): 144–50.

  Dix, Mrs. R. C. “Quantrill’s Raid—An Eyewitness Account.” WHQ 1, no. 1 (May 1965): 8–11.

  Doerschuk, Albert N., ed. “Extracts from War-Time Letters, 1861–1864.” MHR 23, no. 1 (Oct. 1928): 99–110.

  Elliott, R. G. “The Quantrill Raid as Seen from the Eldridge House.” KHC 2 (1920): 179–96.

  Farlow, Joyce, and Louise Barry, eds. “Vincent B. Osborne’s Civil War Experiences.” KHQ 20, no. 2 (May 1952): 108–33.

  Gambone, Joseph G. “Economic Relief in Territorial Kansas, 1860–1861.” KHQ 36, no. 2 (Summer 1970): 149–74.

  Gardner, Theodore. “The First Kansas Battery.” KHC 14 (1915–18): 235–82.

  Herklotz, Hildegarde Rose. “Jayhawkers in Missouri, 1858–1863.” MHR 18 (Oct. 1923): 64–101.

  Horton, James Clark. “Peter D. Ridenour and Harlow W. Baker, Two Pioneer Kansas Merchants.” KHC 10 (1907–8): 589–621.

  Hubbard, David. “Reminiscences of the Yeager Raid on the Santa Fe Trail, in 1863.” KHC 8 (1903–4): 168–71.

  Langsdorf, Edgar, ed. “Jim Lane and the Frontier Guard.” KHQ 9 (Feb. 1940): 13–25.

  ———. “Letters of Joseph H. Trego, 1857–1864.” KHQ 19 (Aug. 1951): 287–309.

  Lutz, John J. “Quantrill and the Morgan Walker Tragedy.” KHC 8 (1903–4): 324–31.

  McDonough, James L. “And All for Nothing—Early Experiences of John M. Schofield in Missouri.” MHR 64 (Apr. 1970): 306–21.

  McLarty, Vivian Kirkpatrick, ed. “Civil War Letters of Colonel Bazel F. Lazear.” MHR 44, pt. 2 (July 1950): 387–401.

  Martin, George W. “The First Two Years of Kansas.” KHC 10 (1907–8): 120–48.

  Mechem, Kirke. “Letters of Julia Louisa Lovejoy, 1856–1864.” KHQ 16, no. 2 (1948): 175–211.

  Mitchell, W. A. “Historic Linn.” KHC 16 (1926): 607–57.

  Niepman, Ann Davis. “General Orders No. 11 and Border Warfare During the Civil War.” MHR 66, no. 2 (Jan. 1972): 185–210.

  Palmer, Henry E. “The Black Flag Character of the War on the Border.” KHC 9 (1905–6): 455–66.

  Peterson, John M., ed. “Letters of Edward and Sarah Fitch, Lawrence, Kansas, 1855–1863, Part II.” Kansas History 12, no. 2 (Summer 1989): 78–100.

  Speer, John. “The Burning of Osceola, Mo., by Lane, and the Quantrill Massacre Contrasted.” KHC 6 (1897–1900): 305–12.

  “Statement of J. A. Pike.” KHC 14 (1915–18): 311–18.

  Thruston, Ethylene Ballard. “Captain Dick Yeager—Quantrill Man.” WHQ 4, no. 1 (June 1968): 3–6.

  Unrau, William E., ed. “In Pursuit of Quantrill: An Enlisted Man’s Response.” KHQ 39, no. 3 (Autumn 1973): 379–91.

  Williams, Burton J. “Quantrill’s Raid on Lawrence: A Question of Complicity.” KHQ 34, no. 2 (Summer 1968): 143–49.

  Yost, Genevieve. “History of Lynchings in Kansas.” KHQ 2, no. 2 (May 1933): 182–219.

  Newspapers

  Atchison Freedom’s Champion 1861–63

  Boston (Massachusetts) Daily Advertiser 1863

  Boston (Massachusetts) Daily Post 1863

  Charleston (South Carolina) Daily Mercury 1863

  Council Grove (Kansas) Press 1861–63

  Emporia News 1862

  Junction City Smoky Hill and Republican Union 1863

  Kansas City (Missouri) Daily Western Journal of Commerce 1862–64

  Kansas City (Missouri) Weekly Western Journal of Commerce 1863

  Lawrence Daily Journal-World 1924, 1939

  Lawrence Daily Kansas Tribune 1864–65

  Lawrence Herald of Freedom 1855–56

  Lawrence Kansas State Journal 1861–65

  Lawrence Republican 1861–62

  Leavenworth Daily Conservative 1862–63

  Leavenworth Daily Times 1861–63

  Liberty (Missouri) Tribune 1862

  Manhattan (Kansas) Independent 1863

  New York Daily Times 1863

  Olathe Mirror 1861–62

  Oskaloosa Independent 1861–63

  (Topeka) Kansas State Record 1863

  Wyandotte Commercial Gazette 1862–63

  INDEX

  Anderson, Bill, 11, 77, 149; background of, 9–10; in bushwhacker raids, 10, 12, 180; in Lawrence Massacre, 15, 16, 94

  Andrew, John, 63

  Anthony, Dan, 26, 140, 158, 160

  Anthony, Susan B., 140

  Atchison, Kansas, 35

  Aubrey, 9, 16, 23, 27, 37; sack of, 69

  Baker, Harlow, 50–51, 58, 97, 98, 109–10, 116, 127, 128, 155, 162, 183

  Baldwin City, Kansas, 135, 136

  Banks, Alexander, 52, 88–89

  Battles: Gettysburg, 40; Lexington, 68; Pilot Knob, 180; Vicksburg, 40–41; Westport, 181; Wilson’s Creek, 24, 68

  Bell, George, 47, 85–86, 94–95, 104, 105, 106

  Benter, Nicholas, 141, 142, 144

  Bingham, George Caleb, 5–6, 153–54, 167, 167–68, 178

  Blanton’s bridge, 46, 135

  Bloomfield, Kentucky, 185

  Blunt, lames, 19–20, 37, 40, 70–71, 77, 171, 172

  Border defenses, 19–20, 22–23, 26, 39, 41, 76

  Border Ruffians, 3, 31, 32

  Brooklyn, Kansas, 135–36

  Brown, John, 3, 79

  Brown, John, Jr., 5

  California Road, 46–47, 66, 81, 97, 118, 183

  Camp Lookout, 174

  Carney, Thomas, 39, 127, 150, 151, 155, 159, 160, 164

  Carpenter, Louis, 50, 104, 106, 113, 116, 128

  Carpenter, Mary, 50, 106, 116

  Centralia, Missouri, 180

  City Hotel, 56, 117, 123

  Clark, Charles, 18, 27, 65, 133–34, 141–41, 143, 144, 145, 148–49, 151

  Cleveland, Marshall, 6

  Coldwater Grove, Kansas, 16, 18, 23

  Coleman, Charles, 18, 27, 28, 46, 65, 133, 134, 137, 138, 145, 170

  Collamore, George Washington, 42; and full moon scare, 41, 43–44; and Lawrence defenses, 63; in Lawrence Massacre, 94, 98

  Collamore, Julia, 94, 98–99, 121

  Cordley, Richard, 114, 118, 128, 155, 185, 186
<
br />   Deitzler, George, 119

  Department of the Missouri, 24, 25

  Desoto, Kansas, 145, 146, 152

  Diamond Springs, Kansas, 15, 39, 76

  District of the Border, 20–21

  Dix, Getta, 56, 91–92, 94

  Dix, Ralph, 56, 91, 92, 93, 100, 119

  Dix, Steve, 91, 92, 119

  Eldridge House, 52, 53, 82, 84, 88–89, 90, 115, 119, 156

  Eudora, Kansas, 81, 118

  Ewing, Hugh, 20

  Ewing, Thomas, 20

  Ewing, Thomas, Jr., 22, 63; accusations of incompetence against, 152–53; achievements of, 26–27; appointed to border command, 20–21, 40; attacks on bushwhackers, 21–22, 76, 170; and border defenses, 22–23, 26, 41, 76; death of, 180; in District of St. Louis, 177, 180; evacuation of Missouri border, 153–55, 156–57, 168–69; expulsion of bushwhacker families, 23–24, 25, 26; failure to receive warning of Lawrence raid, 30, 152; opposition to Missouri invasion, 160, 165; political career of, 178; pursuit of retreating raiders, 134–35, 140–41, 144–45, 146, 148, 152

  Fillmore, Lemuel, 99–100

  Fisher, Charlie, 102, 104, 122

  Fisher, Elizabeth, 48, 102, 103–4, 110, 111, 112, 122, 129

  Fisher, Hugh, 49; in jayhawker raids, 48, 59; in Lawrence Massacre, 102, 103–4, 110, 112, 122

  Fisher, Willie, 102, 104, 122

  Fitch, Edward, 106–7, 128

  Fitch, Sarah, 106–7

  Fort Scott Road, 46, 84, 134, 135, 136

  Fort Sumter, 4, 32

  Franklin, Kansas, 81

  Free-State Hotel, 52

  Frémont, John Charles, 44, 64

  Fugitive slaves, 34–35, 80–81

  Full moon scare, 41, 43–44

  Gardner, Kansas, 15, 45, 133

  Gates, Levi, 87, 95

  General Orders: No. 10, 25, 26, 149; No. 11, 153–55, 166–68, 178

  Grant, U. S., 25, 41, 64

  Greeley, Horace, 52

  Gregg, William, 15

  Griswold, Ellen, 57, 57–58

  Griswold, Jerome, 57, 57–58, 91, 98, 121

  Hadley, T. J., 40, 41, 43, 44, 63

  Harpers Ferry, Virginia, 79

  Harrisonville, Missouri, 14, 23

  Hayes, Upton, 71–72

  Hoyt, George, 44, 56, 148, 158, 159; in jayhawker raids, 6, 35, 38

  Hughes, John, 71

  Independence, Missouri, 37, 71

  Jackson, Claiborne, 60

  James, Frank, 15