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  Jennison, Charles, 158; characterized, 4–5; in jayhawker raids, 5–6, 14, 15

  Johnson, Ben, 56, 119

  Johnson House, 56, 91

  Kansas: Free-Soil party in, 54, 58; statehood, 30–32

  Kansas City, 23, 72, 133; collapse of detention center in, 7–8, 12, 15, 26, 77–78

  Kansas-Missouri border, 36

  Kansas-Missouri border region: District of the Border, 20–21; economic conditions of, 3–4; slavery issue in, 1–3

  Kansas-Missouri border war: Aubrey raid, 69; and border defenses, 19–20, 22–23, 26, 39, 41, 76; bushwhacker-Federal battles in, 12–14, 69, 70, 71–72, 170–71, 173, 180; bushwhacker raids against Kansas, 7, 10, 12, 15, 19, 21, 37, 39, 66–71, 72–74, 76; Centralia attack on Union militia, 180; and collapse of Kansas City detention center, 7–8, 12, 15, 26, 77–78; end of, 181; evacuation of Missouri border (Order No. 11), 153–55, 156–57, 166–69, 179; under Ewing’s command, 20–22, 26–27, 40, 76, 170; execution of bushwhacker captives, 70–71, 77; expulsion of bushwhacker families, 7, 12, 23–24, 25, 26, 77; false alarms of bushwhacker raids, 130–31, 169–70, 173–74, 175, 183; Independence attack on Union garrison, 71; jayhawker plunder from, 35–36, 59; jayhawker raids against Missouri, 4–7, 14, 15, 18–19, 37, 48, 59–60; Kansas cavalry ambush, 12–14; Liberty attack on Union garrison, 69; Lone Jack attack, 72; Olathe raid, 37, 66–68, 72; Osceola raid, 59–60; and outbreak of Civil War, 4; Paola movement in, 158, 161, 164, 165–66; Shawnee raid, 72–73; steamer attack, 12, 48. See also Lawrence (Kansas) Massacre

  Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 2

  Kansas Tribune, 175

  King, W., 143, 145

  Lane, James Henry, 61; advocate for Missouri invasion, 157, 158, 160, 161, 164, 165–66; attack on Robinson, 60, 62; death of, 182; as demagogue, 58–59; in jayhawker raids, 59, 60; in Lawrence Massacre, 87, 90, 95, 107–8, 119; pursuit of Lawrence raiders, 136, 137, 138, 148, 156

  Lane, James, Jr., 97

  Lane, Mary, 62, 95, 97

  Laurie, William, 72, 73

  Lawrence, Kansas: celebration of Lee’s surrender in, 182; celebration of statehood in, 30–32; defenses of, 63; enriched by Missouri plunder, 35–36; fortification of, 174, 175–76; fugitive slaves in, 34–35; full moon scare in, 41, 43–44; marks left by Massacre in, 183, 186; and outbreak of Civil War, 32–33; physical appearance of, 47, 50; prominent citizens of, 47–63; Quantrill’s stay in, 80–81; rebuilding of, 161–62, 174–75, 182–83, 184, 185–86; rumors of impending raid on, 33–34, 37–40; rumors of raiders return to, 130–31, 175, 183; sack of 1856, 32, 53; troops in, 34, 50. See also Lawrence (Kansas) Massacre

  Lawrence Journal, 33, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 89

  Lawrence (Kansas) Massacre, 96; acts of vengeance for, 125, 159; advance of raiders to, 1, 15–16, 45, 66, 81–82, 85; background of raiders, 9–15; burial of dead, 125, 127, 128, 155; call for invasion of Missouri after, 156–58, 159–61, 164, 165–66; destruction and material loss in, 118, 123–24, 127, 128; events of, 84–117; eyewitness accounts of, 129; failure to check raiders’ advance, 16, 66, 151, failure to halt raiders’ retreat, 133–49, 151, 156; Missouri’s guilt in, 151–52; public reaction to, 150–51; Quantrill’s plan for, 76–77, 78; relief efforts after, 127, 128, 155–56; retreat to Missouri after, 117–18, 135–36, 137, 139, 142, 145, 146; retrieval of dead and wounded in, 119–20, 121–22, 124, 171; tracking of raiders’ advance, 46, 65, 133; warnings of raiders’ advance, 9, 16, 18, 27, 29, 30; women’s heroism in, 91–92, 94, 103–4, 108, 110, 112, 129–30

  Lawrence Republican, 33, 37, 60, 72, 89

  Lazear, Bazel, 147–48, 170

  Leavenworth, Kansas, 30, 35, 47, 127, 128, 140, 155, 162; invasion movement in, 157–58, 160, 163–64; martial law in, 26

  Leavenworth Road, 56

  Lecompton, Kansas, 54, 55, 125, 161

  Lee, Robert E., 40

  Leland, Lieutenant Cyrus, Jr., 133, 138, 142

  Lexington, Missouri, 45, 68

  Liberty, Missouri, 69

  Liberty pole, 55, 130

  Lincoln, Abraham, 5, 24, 25, 32, 59, 60, 157, 164

  Little Santa Fe, Missouri, 16, 18, 23

  Lone Jack, Missouri, 72, 146

  Longley, Otis, 99, 100

  Louisville, Kentucky, 185

  Lowman, Hovey, 33, 38, 39, 40, 41, 161, 173, 175

  Martin, Robert, 104, 122

  Massachusetts Street, 47–48, 50, 52, 55, 82, 84, 87, 88, 89, 92, 94, 114, 118, 174, 183

  Methodist Church, 56, 119, 121, 183

  Missouri. See Kansas-Missouri border; Kansas-Missouri border region; Kansas-Missouri border war

  Montgomery, James, 6

  Morgan, John, 170

  Mount Oread, 47, 56, 84, 87, 130, 174, 183

  New England Emigrant Aid Society, 32

  New Hampshire Street, 56, 87, 123

  Olathe, Kansas, 29, 30, 133, 143; Ewing’s speech at, 21, 27; reaction to Lawrence Massacre in, 141; sack of, 37, 66–68, 72

  O’Neill, Jim, 55–56, 125

  Osceola, Missouri, 59–60, 149

  Paddock, George, 44

  Palmer, Dan, 115

  Paola, Kansas, 29, 141, 143, 144, 145

  Paola, movement, 158, 161, 164, 165–66

  Pease, Charles, 84, 88

  Pike, Joshua, 9, 16, 17, 18, 27, 33, 46, 65, 133, 151

  Plattsburg, Missouri, 76

  Pleasant Hill, Missouri, 1, 15

  Plumb, Preston, 30, 133, 134, 136, 137, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 148, 151

  Pomeroy, Samuel, 156

  Price, Sterling, 7, 59, 68, 74, 176, 177, 180, 181

  Quantrill, William, 70, 71, 72, 75, 82–83, 169; background of, 78–79; in bushwhacker raids, 67, 68, 69, 72–74, 76; in Confederate army, 68–69; departure from border war, 183, 185; false reports of capture, 176; hunt for, 170–71; in Lawrence Massacre, 81, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90–91, 102, 113–14, 117; parole of Union captives, 71, 76; plans for Lawrence raid, 76–77, 78; proslavery stance of, 79–80; reputation of, 149, 185; in retreat to Missouri, 135, 136, 137, 139, 142, 145, 146; return of fugitive slaves, 80–81

  Red Legs, 6, 35

  Ridenour, Peter, 50–51, 127–28, 161, 162, 176

  Ridenour & Baker’s (R & B’s), 50–51, 80, 114–15, 127, 161–62

  Riggs, Kate, 100, 129

  Riggs, Sam, 80, 100, 129

  Robinson, Charles, 55, 157; later years of, 181–82; in Lawrence Massacre, 84–85, 87, 100, 118, 119; moderate leadership of, 52–54, 59, 60; opposition to Lane, 58, 60, 182; smear campaign against, 54–55, 60, 62

  Robinson, Sara, 52, 119

  Rockville, Kansas, 23

  Rosecrans, William S., 64, 176–77

  St. Louis, Missouri, 24, 176–77, 180; District of, 177

  Santa Fe Road, 30, 39, 45, 135, 174

  Sargent, George, 84

  Savage, Joseph, 99

  Schofield, John, 26, 148, 150, 152, 157, 163, 168; appointed to Missouri command, 24–25; departure from Atlanta campaign, 177; opposition to Missouri invasion, 159–60, 162, 164, 165

  Scott, Winfield, 62

  Shawnee, Kansas, 37, 39; raid on, 72–73

  Sherman, William Tecumseh, 20, 23, 177

  Sibley, Missouri, 12, 48, 102

  Simpson, B. F., 141, 142, 143, 144

  Skaggs, Larkin, 100, 102, 117–18, 121, 129

  Slaves/slavery: extension of, 1–3; fugitive, 34–35, 48, 80–81

  Snyder, Samuel, 50, 86, 87

  Speer, John, 33, 37, 56, 60, 69, 122, 161, 175

  Spicer, Arthur, 84, 90, 95, 102, 113–14

  Spring Hill, Kansas, 16, 65

  Stanton, Kansas, 78, 79

  Stone, Lydia, 56, 80, 91, 100, 101, 102, 117, 129

  Stone, Nathan, 56, 80, 91, 117

  Thacher, Linn, 134, 143, 145, 148

  Thornton, John, 109, 155

  Thornton, Nancy, 109

  Thorp, Simeon, 58, 97, 98, 109–10, 121

  Todd, George, 13, 71, 77, 123, 149, 181; in bushwhacker raids, 12–14, 48,
69, 72–73, 180; in Lawrence Massacre, 15, 16, 94, 110; in retreat to Missouri, 136, 137

  Topeka, Kansas, 110, 140, 146

  Trading Post, Kansas, 23

  Trask, Josiah, 58, 97, 98, 121

  Turner, Eliza, 129

  Vaughn, Jim, 77

  Vermont Street, 56, 87, 123

  Vicksburg campaign, 25, 40–41

  Warrensburg, Missouri, 1

  Weer, William, 170

  Westport, Missouri, 12–14, 21, 23, 134

  Wyandotte, Kansas, 35

  Yager, Dick, 77, 149; in bushwhacker raids, 15, 39, 76; in Lawrence Massacre, 15, 16

  Young, Sallie, 52, 84, 86, 87, 89–90, 102, 125, 126, 162

  Younger, Coleman, 77, 149; in bushwhacker raids, 15; in Lawrence Massacre, 15, 16